The alternative word fall for the season traces its origins to old Germanic languages. However, as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns, the word harvest lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and autumn, as well as fall, began to replace it as a reference to the season. Dutch herfst, German Herbst, and Scots hairst). In the Medieval period, there are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but by the 16th century, it was in common use.īefore the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf. Īfter the Greek era, the word continued to be used as the Old French word autompne ( automne in modern French) or autumpne in Middle English, and was later normalised to the original Latin. Alternative etymologies include Proto-Indo-European * h₃ewǵ- ("cold") or * h₂sows- ("dry"). The word autumn ( / ˈ ɔː t ə m/) is derived from Latin autumnus, archaic auctumnus, possibly from the ancient Etruscan root autu- and has within it connotations of the passing of the year. Problems playing this file? See media help. Late Roman Republic scholar Marcus Terentius Varro defined autumn as lasting from the third day before the Ides of Sextilis (August 11) to the fifth day before the Ides of November (November 9). In the Irish language, September is known as Meán Fómhair ("middle of autumn") and October as Deireadh Fómhair ("end of autumn"). However, according to the Irish Calendar, which is based on ancient Gaelic traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September, and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, Met Éireann, are September, October, and November.
Under the traditional East Asian solar term system, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. Persians celebrate the beginning of the autumn on Mehregan. As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees change colour and then shed their leaves.
Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date. In the higher latitude countries in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn traditionally starts with the September equinox (21 to 24 September) and ends with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December). Meteorologists (and Australia and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere) use a definition based on Gregorian calendar months, with autumn being September, October, and November in the northern hemisphere, and March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere. In the English-speaking world of high latitude countries, autumn traditionally began with Lammas Day and ended around Hallowe'en, the approximate mid-points between midsummer, the autumnal equinox, and midwinter. Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as "mid-autumn", while others with a longer temperature lag treat the equinox as the start of autumn. One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour for the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the Winter Solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September ( Northern Hemisphere) or March ( Southern Hemisphere). Autumn, also known as fall in North American English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth.
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